Is Entrepreneurship A Entrepreneurial Career Essay

With the growing importance of entrepreneurship within today’s business industry it is of upmost importance to understand the motivations and intentions of individuals wanting to pursue an entrepreneurial career as this now accounts for X of the population and X% of income. Its apparent from the literature that â€Å"significant differences exist in the levels of entrepreneurial activity across countries† (Pinillo Reyes, 2011) and existing research addresses the question as to why some countries have more entrepreneurs than others, a main answer to this question has been the one regarding the economic climate of the particular country, however this focus solely on economic explanations majorly â€Å"underexposes the role of culture† (Brown Ulijn, 2004). It would seem meaningless to ignore this factor as something that influences the level of entrepreneurship between different countries as â€Å"the rate or level of entrepreneurship at the societal level depen ds upon the opportunities provided by the environment and these aspects are influenced by †¦ culture† (Brown Ulijn, 2004). Whilst much of the literature has focused on economic reasons for differences in entrepreneurship activity, it is suggested by Pinillo Reyes (2011) that â€Å"culture, more than economic variables† plays a key role in explaining these differences. In particular, there is a â€Å"lack of research across different cultures† (Lià ±an, et al., 2013) therefore an absence of comparative studies reviewing the differencesShow MoreRelatedThe Academy Of Business And Entrepreneurship Charter School1408 Words   |  6 PagesI. 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Latin America’s Problems Result of Violent History Free Essays

Latin America’s Problems: Result of Violent History? History plays a role in the problems of any nation, and for that matter in the lives  of individual people.   Does this mean that a country or person is fated to an inevitable  future that is colored mostly by its past?   To some degree the answer is yes, but to take  any particular feature of a society’s past, namely violence in this instance, and thrust the  whole burden of responsibility upon it may be irresponsible, in and of itself, in a sincere  quest to ameliorate and ultimately eradicate the problematic issues that need to be  resolved. If we do want to attribute the current state of affairs in Latin America to its  violent history, we also need to understand the nature and genesis of that violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Latin America’s Problems: Result of Violent History? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many  countries, including the USA, achieved independence through wars and violence, but we  do not cite our current problems on the American Revolution or the Civil War which was  violence amongst our own people. The source of violence can be a key to understanding  how the countries of Latin America and their people have not recovered from the nature of the  violence they endured. When wars are fought to expunge a common enemy there is a feeling of  camaraderie and nationalism to have fought and won not only against a common enemy,  but against the very evil represented by that enemy. This mindset unites people and  solidifies belief systems, ethics, and morals so necessary to the success and continued  success of civilizations and their governments. What happens, however, when the  violence is perpetrated by the very institution that is supposed to be the bulwark of good,  and when the violence is perpetrated by this institution against the very people that look  to it for their protection? Chasteen says that â€Å" At the most basic level, conquest is always about  exploitation.† (p.58). Although we do not always think of the process of religious  conversion as conquest,   perhaps we should give this careful consideration. Chasteen  seems to agree with this as he goes on to say that â€Å"Most Spanish and Portugeuse people  that came to the Americas in the early 1500s believed that spreading the â€Å"true religion†,  even by force, was a good thing.† (p. 58). The kind of religion that the Catholic Church  brought to the Americas in the early 1500s was a perfect example of non  church/government separation. â€Å"To sin against Catholic teachings was, in many cases, a criminal  offense.† (p.70). The Catholic Church did not merely have a religious presence in Latin America.  They controlled it.   Chasteen summarizes some of what Las Casas had to say about the control of Catholicism. â€Å"The reason for the death and destruction of so many souls at   Christian  hands†¦was simple greed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 60).  To further substantiate the demonstration of evil by the Catholic Church take a  look at an excerpt from Brief account of the devastation of the Indies by Las Casas referred to  by Chasteen as   A brief account of the destruction of the Indies, (p. 61) a translational title  difference of the same work:   â€Å" After the wars and the killings had   ended, when usually there  survived only some boys, some women, and children, these survivors were distributed among the  Christians to be slaves. The repartimiento or distribution was made according to the rank and  importance of the Christian to whom the Indians were allocated, one of them being given thirty,  another forty, still another, one or two hundred, and besides the rank of the Christian there was  also to be considered in what favor he stood with the tyr ant they called Governor. The  pretext was that these allocated Indians were to be instructed in the articles of the  Christian Faith. As if those Christians who were as a rule foolish and cruel and  greedy and vicious could be caretakers of souls! And the care they took was to send the  men to the mines to dig for gold, which is intolerable labor, and to send the women into the  fields of the big ranches to hoe and till the land, work suitable for strong men. Nor to either the  men or the women did they give any food except herbs and legumes, things of little substance.  The milk in the breasts of the women with infants dried up and thus in a short while the infants  perished. And since men and women were separated, there could be no marital relations. And the  men died in the mines and the women died on the ranches from the same causes, exhaustion and  hunger. And thus was depopulated that island which had been densely populated.† (http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/02-las.html). Although these are blatant examples of destruction, Chasteen also cites a more insidious  example the Church exercised, such as hegemony defined as â€Å" the basic principle of social  control in which a ruling class dominates others ideologically, with a minimum of physical force,  by making its dominance seem natural and inevitable.† (p. 325). â€Å"Religion offers one of the  clearest examples of cultural hegemony.† (p.69).   Even more dangerous than outright  exploitation, this creeps into the very fabric of the psyche of a people and carries over throughout  generations. As Chasteen points out, â€Å"When they accept the principle of their own  inferiority†¦they participate in their own subjugation.† (p.69).   The subjugation continued through history as Caudillos, rich landowners, were â€Å"the  party’s national leaders†Ã‚   (p. 124) in post colonial days.   In the neo colonial period from 1880-  1930, (p. 180), Latin America was still subjugated, but instead by cultures that had brought  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Progress† from other countries. The late 1800s saw â€Å"dicatorships or oligartchies.† (p.192). During the time of   the US overtake of Cuba in the early 1900s we see the incendiary racistattitudes prevail, as Teddy Roosevelt coins the term â€Å"dago† for Latins. (p. 201). Right up until  the present day   it appears that Latins have never risen above the station that was thrust upon  them by the Church from the beginning.The book has opened my eyes to many injustices in Latin American history that I was  unaware existed and has provided food for thought as to the reasons Latin Americans seem to be  a problematic people. It is indeed, not the injustices in and of themselves, but the so called  Christian perpetrators of such injustices that give the history and the present fate of Latin  America such a fatalistic outlook and prognosis. Despite all of this and probably because of the  hegemony, it has happened without notice but it is interesting to note that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Latin America has  always been Catholic, but now the majority of the world’s Catholics are Latin American.†Ã‚  (p. 320). At the end of the book Chasteen asks what the future will bring. (p.321).   He does not  provide an answer but it makes one wonder if   the subjugation can ever really end. Like a child  abused by a parent over years and years of time,   the Church ‘s abuse in the growing and  formative years of Latin America have left scars that will last an eternity. References Chasteen, J.C. Born in blood and fire. A concise history of Latin America De Las Casas, B. Brief account of the devastation of the Indies. (1542). Retrieved from http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/02-las.html on November 26, 2006. How to cite Latin America’s Problems: Result of Violent History?, Essay examples

Adoption Essay Example For Students

Adoption Essay AdoptionWhen a person decides to adopt, he takes the responsibility of raising a child who is not biologically his own. There are various reasons why people decide to adopt. Some say adoption is the best thing for certain children and many successful stories prove it to be true. However, there are also numerous tragic reports of adopted children being abused. Basically, what adoption meant, and still means, is that someone (the adoptive couple) is promising to assume all responsibilities for taking care of someone else (Powledge 4). How the adoptive parents go about raising the child is completely up to them. Although there are many different types of families in todays society, one special kind of family that has become more and more common are the families created through adoption. There are various and somewhat difficult processes and laws concerning adoption. New laws are being created year after year to make this process easier and the outcome positive. Adoption is not exactly new; the idea of adopting has been around for a long time. The oldest written set of laws is the Babylonian Code of Hammarabi, which contains a long, sophisticated section on adoption (Benet 23). It is hard to pin point when and how adoption first originated but Governor Sir William Philips of Massachusetts was considered the first adoptive father in the original thirteen colonies, he adopted in 1693 (Academic XXI). Americans adopt more than 100,000 kids a year (Harnack 13). This may seem like a large number of adoptive families but there are still over 400,000 kids left in foster care or in shelters. With this in mind it seems like Americans should be desperate to place the homeless kids in a family. But through trial and error it has become known that only certain families should be allowed to adopt and in some cases kids are better off left in foster care. In 1917 Minnesota was the first state to require an agency or state welfare department to make written recommendations to court after investigation (Harnack 12). This will ensure families giving their child up for adoption that they arent giving their kid to just anyone willing to adopt. People who seem to be fit to adopt also have to be able to afford adoption. The average cost to adopt through an agency is between $5,000 to $6,000 (Baldwin 23). Many parents take risks and allow their kids to be open for adoption to anyone the laws deem appropriate. But approximately 75% of adoptions were the kind where parents give guardianship to another family member (Powledge 23). Although the costs do seem outrageous, the reasons behind a parents decision to give kids up for adoption are pretty simple. Some pressures to give a baby up for adoption include: unmarried, the need to finish school, financial problems, or the feeling of not being able to be a proper parent (Powledge 44). It would be hard to tell whether one made the right decision by choosing to give her kid up for adoption until years after the process took place. And even then one couldnt truly compare both families, adoptive vs. biological. Although many parents realize giving their kid up for adoption is the best decision, some young girls have been persuaded to keep their baby by a social worker instead of giving it up (Benet 179). And in some cases a girl not able to care for her baby keeps him anyway, causing more problems in the long run (Benet 177). All a kid needs is to have a place to call home and people they can get attached to. From the beginning of the recorded history of adoption, t he idea behind the practice was to protect children who, for one reason or another were without protection (Powledge 6). When someone does adopt a child they make a commitment. When a couple decides to adopt they assume all responsibilities for taking care of someone else (Powledge 4). .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .postImageUrl , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:hover , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:visited , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:active { border:0!important; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:active , .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued322fc6403f9668347763616fc8457a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Suspicions EssaySome say the decision to adopt is a good one, but there are many success stories as well as horror stories related to adoption. There is a broad range of feelings and attitudes among adoptees, depending on the temperament and personal situation of each child and family (Krementz IX). There have been many various surveys taken concerning adoptees. Times reported various horror stories concerning adoption. Some stories include children being poisoned, a child being shaken to death, and children being sexually abused (Gay 89). Unfortunately these are just a few examples of many. Adoptees often suffer from attachment disorders, which are more common in older children. These disorders caused by adoption are extremely noticeable and should be taken seriously. These unattached kids often experience unresponsiveness to affection, serious problems with hoarding or stealing food, abnormal eye contact problems, often thinking about blood or fire, and are often overfriendly to strangers (Adamec 73). Also identity and self-image problems are a major cause of distress to adopted children (Harnack 21). Counseling and therapy are highly recommended to help kids deal with these disorders. Even though there are numerous negative stories about adopted kids, there are also lots of success stories. Either way the adoptive parents are totally responsible for the outcome of all situations concerning the child they decide to adopt. Families may have different structures but they are all responsible for providing basic needs (Foster 99). Adoptive parents and biological parents are both fully capable of providing all the basic needs. Some people see adoption as a cruel decision an irresponsible parent makes. Others realize the majority of adopted kids are better off not having their biological parents as their guardian. It is slowly being recognized that the theory of fostering goes against reality of living with young children (Benet 190). With this fact in mind, it is obvious that the adoption rate will continue to increase. Although there are many cases showing a negative outcome to adoption, they seem to always have a higher rate of positive outcomes. The American Academy of Adoption Attorneys, formed in 1990, has a goal to improve adoption laws and agencies (Academic 45). With organizations like this being involved, Americans will have the reassurance that the increase in the number of adoptions will also mean an increase in children being placed in better families.